Mental health effects of education
利用教育改革的年龄暴露作为工具变量，发现多上一年学使抑郁症状减少11.3%、焦虑症状减少9.8%，且对女性和农村居民保护作用更强，可能通过改善身体健康、健康行为和女性赋权等渠道实现。
We analyze the role of education as a determinant of mental health. To do this, we leverage the age-specific exposure to an educational reform as an instrument for years of education and find that the treated cohorts gained more education. This increase in education had an effect on mental health more than 2 decades later. An extra year of education led to a lower likelihood of reporting any symptoms related to depression (11.3%) and anxiety (9.8%). More educated people also suffered less severe symptoms - depression (6.1%) and anxiety (5.6%). These protective effects are higher among women and rural residents. The effects of education on mental well-being that we document are potentially mediated through better physical health, improved health behavior and knowledge, and an increase in women's empowerment.