Decentralised Cross-Border Interconnection
研究了跨境互联中因国家电网运营商缺乏协调导致的投资不足问题，发现仅补贴跨境线路不足以恢复最优投资，甚至可能因国内投资不足而浪费容量。
Reaping the full benefits from cross-border interconnection typically requires reinforcement of national networks. When the relevant parts of the networks are complements, a lack of coordination between national transmission system operators results in investment below optimal levels in both interconnectors and national infrastructure. A subsidy to financially sustain interconnector building is not sufficient to restore optimality; indeed, even when possible, such subsidisation may have to be restrained so as not to encourage cross-border capacities that will not be fully utilised due to lack of investment in national systems.