When nature calls back: Sustaining behavioral change in rural Pakistan
通过随机对照试验和定性研究，评估巴基斯坦全国卫生策略能否持续改变露天排便行为，发现后续活动仅在初始条件差（如基础设施薄弱）的地区有适度效果，且效果至少持续一年。
We implement a randomized controlled trial and a qualitative study to assess whether, and if so how, behavioral change can be sustained. We do so in the context of Pakistan’s national sanitation strategy to combat open defecation, Community-Led Total Sanitation. Our findings demonstrate that continued follow-up activities that build on the original intervention lead to only modest reductions in reversal to unsafe sanitation on average, but gain in importance where initial conditions are unfavorable, i.e. poor public infrastructure and sanitation facilities. Promotion efforts are hence best targeted towards those who face larger difficulties in constructing and maintaining high-quality sanitation. The effects were sustained at least one year after the implementation of activities.