[Re]thinking outside the box: A meta‐analysis of constraints and creative performance
这项元分析整合了111项研究，发现约束与创造力之间存在显著正相关，且关系受约束类型、研究设计、资助状况和创造力测量方式调节，表明约束未必有害于创造力。
Summary The influence of constraints (i.e., barriers or limitations) on creativity has drawn attention from various fields but has largely yielded conflicting findings. Some studies suggest constraints may have a positive impact on creativity while others find a negative impact. In an effort to clarify this debate and provide direction for future efforts, this meta‐analysis examined the relationship between constraints and creativity. Using a sample of 111 published and unpublished studies, a series of random‐effects meta‐regression models and subgroup analyses were conducted and identified a significant positive relationship between constraints and creativity. Moderator analyses confirmed the relationship differed substantially depending on the constraint type, study design, funding status, and creativity operationalization and measurement. These findings suggest that constraints may not be detrimental to creativity, despite prior assumptions. Findings further suggest that constraint type may be less influential than typically assumed. Instead, methodological artifacts provide a better explanation for the varying existing findings in how constraints benefit or hinder creativity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.