The Use and Misuse of Income Data and Extreme Poverty in the United States
研究发现，美国极端贫困率被高估，超过90%被认定为极端贫困的家庭在计入实物转移、使用行政数据修正收入后并非如此，许多家庭实际拥有中产阶级生活水平。
Recent research suggests that the share of US households living on less than $2/person/day is high and rising. We reexamine such extreme poverty by linking SIPP and CPS data to administrative tax and program data. We find that more than 90% of those reported to be in extreme poverty are not, once we include in-kind transfers, replace survey reports of earnings and transfer receipt with administrative records, and account for ownership of substantial assets. More than half of all misclassified households have incomes from the administrative data above the poverty line, and many have middle-class measures of material well-being.