Fitting China in: local elite collusion and contestation along Kenya’s standard Gauge Railway
研究肯尼亚标准轨铁路项目实施阶段，本地精英如何利用选举等机会，通过抗议、谈判和拉拢等策略，与全国精英争夺外国援助利益，揭示非洲能动性的多主体特征。
ABSTRACT Scholarship examining African agency towards Chinese development projects typically focuses on negotiations between African national elites and Chinese actors at the inception and policy formulation phase, a period which excludes local elites and public participation more generally. This gap between the policy formulation and policy implementation phases in the project cycle can, however, be exploited by local elites at the periphery of power to serve as a channel of influence over the distribution of foreign-derived patronage. Using opportunities posed by elections, these local elites assert their claims to the spoils of patronage with national elites through strategies like protest, bargaining and co-optation. This article investigates how the implementation phase of the Chinese-funded Standard Gauge Railway presented opportunities for collusion and contestation over foreign economic largesse amongst Kenya’s national and local elites, underscoring the multi-actor aspects of African agency and, concurrently, those structural and temporal factors that enable and shape such agency.