Sophistication about self-control
利用人们理想、预测和实际体重的数据，将个体分为时间一致型、天真型以及部分或完全认知自我控制局限型，发现自我控制问题普遍存在，且多数人至少部分意识到自身局限；认知程度较高者智商更高、父母教育更好，更可能使用承诺机制，并在面临即时成本与未来收益的选择时做出类似时间一致型个体的决策。
We use information on people’s ideal, predicted, and realized body weight to classify them as time-consistent versus naïve, and partially or fully sophisticated regarding their self-control limitations. Operationalizing this approach in population-representative data reveals that self-control problems are pervasive and that most people are at least partly aware of their limited self-control. Compared to naïfs, sophisticates have higher IQs, better educated parents, and are more likely to use potential commitment devices. Despite their self-control problems, sophisticated individuals make similar choices as time-consistent individuals when those choices involve immediate costs and later benefits. An increased awareness of one’s own self-control limitations may thus help in reducing their adverse consequences.