The theory of straight ticket voting
研究了美国部分州允许选民直接勾选政党而非逐项选举的直选票选项对政治家立场的影响，发现它增强了候选人的政党忠诚度，同时提高了无党派选民在候选人选择中的权重，对两党制的得票率和政策产生不对称效应。
Abstract This paper explores the effects of the straight-ticket voting option (STVO) on the positions of politicians. STVO, present in some US states, allows voters to select one party for all partisan elections listed on the ballot, as opposed to filling out each office individually. We analyse the effects of STVO on policy-making by building a model of pre-election competition. STVO results in greater party loyalty of candidates, while increasing the weight of non-partisan voters’ positions in candidate selection. This induces an asymmetric effect on vote shares and implemented policies in the two-party system.