Being observed in the digital era: Conceptualization and scale development of the perception of being observed
开发了一个10题项的单维度量表，测量消费者在数字环境中感知被观察的程度，并验证了技术焦虑、自我意识和隐私关注是前因，感知被观察会抑制信息分享。
Abstract This research details the development of the perception of being observed scale. Consumers may think that their actions are being observed (i.e., seen, watched, recorded, tracked) by other parties (i.e., companies, governments, people) regardless of the actual knowledge about the existence of it. We develop a 10‐item, uni‐dimensional perception of being observed scale. Following the assessments of the scale, we conduct a series of studies to test the scale's convergent, discriminant, nomological, and predictive validity. We show that technology anxiety, self‐consciousness and privacy concerns predict the perception of being observed. Further, people who experience the perception of being observed are more conservative in information disclosure.