Modeling and assessing forged concepts in tourism and hospitality using confirmatory composite analysis
向旅游与酒店研究领域引入验证性组合分析（CCA），说明如何用结构方程模型软件中的估计量来建模和评估锻造概念，并通过实证示例指导学者应用。
Confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) was recently proposed as a viable approach to modeling and assessing forged concepts, i.e., theoretical concepts that emerge from their components within their environment. This study introduces CCA to the field of tourism and hospitality research and shows how CCA can be conducted using estimators known from structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables as implemented in common SEM software. It shows how emergent variables can be employed to model forged concepts and how CCA can be used for assessing them. In doing so, we explain the four major CCA steps comprising (1) model specification, (2) model identification, (3) model estimation, and (4) model assessment. To illustrate and guide scholars in applying CCA, we provide an empirical example from the field of tourism and hospitality research.