Hidden Figures: A New History of the Permanent Income Hypothesis
利用档案资料，重新讲述了米尔顿·弗里德曼《消费函数理论》的创作史，揭示其合作者玛格丽特·里德、多萝西·布雷迪和罗斯·弗里德曼的贡献，并指出女性智力贡献在经济学中系统性被贬低的“马蒂尔达效应”。
Abstract This article uses archival sources to reconstruct an alternate history of Milton Friedman's A Theory of the Consumption Function, spotlighting the contributions of his collaborators Margaret Reid, Dorothy Brady, and Rose Friedman. Although Milton Friedman offered public credit to his wife and their two close friends, none received formal recognition or reward for their contribution to the permanent income hypothesis. The article documents this hypothesis as an example in professional economics of the well-known “Matilda effect,” in which women's intellectual contributions are systemically devalued, while arguing it is important to distinguish between formal and informal credit. Further, the article connects the lower status of women's consumption economics to broader shifts in the economics discipline across the twentieth century.