The intergenerational persistence of opioid dependence: Evidence from administrative data
基于奥地利1984-1990年出生人口的行政数据，发现父母使用非法阿片类药物时，子女使用概率从1%升至7%；处方阿片类药物则从3.6%升至6.7%，且环境因素无法解释这一关联。
To address the opioid crisis, it is crucial to understand its origins. We provide descriptive evidence for the intergenerational persistence of opioid dependence. Our analysis is based on administrative data covering the universe of Austrian births from 1984 to 1990. We consider prescription opioids and a new proxy for addiction to illicit opioids. We find that, if at least one parent is using illicit opioids, the likelihood of the child using increases from 1% to 7%. For prescription opioids, we observe an increase from 3.6% to 6.7%. Both associations are stable and do not change when controlling for environmental variables.