The Unintended Beneficiaries of Farm Subsidies
研究发现美国农业补贴中约60%的耕地是租来的，地主通过提高租金获取了每美元补贴中的0.45-0.65美元，是此前研究估计的两倍，表明补贴并未完全惠及目标农户。
From 2011 to 2017, the U.S. government paid farmers $6 billion annually in decoupled subsidies. Around 60% of cropland is rented, so if landlords raise rents in response to subsidy payments, the subsidies may not benefit the farmers as much as intended by policy. The Agricultural Act of 2014 linked subsidy payments to county characteristics and idiosyncratic yields. Instead of payments tied to farm-level productivity, which challenged identification under earlier programs, the programs offer a new path for identifying subsidy incidences. We find rents increase by approximately $0.45–$0.65 for every dollar received, roughly double what prior research found.