Can a Multipronged Strategy of “Soft” Interventions Surmount Structural Barriers for Financial Inclusion? Evidence From the Unbanked in Papua New Guinea
研究评估了在巴布亚新几内亚偏远地区实施的金融素养培训、免费银行账户和储蓄助推综合项目，发现尽管参与度较高，但未显著改善金融行为，质疑了在偏远地区推广银行账户的成效。
We study the impacts of a comprehensive financial inclusion program in a particularly remote, insecure and low-trust setting, lacking bridging institutions to facilitate sustained interventions. We evaluate this program in Wewak district in northwest Papua New Guinea, by randomly assigning treatment to 41 of 79 villages. The program involves a 2-day financial literacy training workshop, timely offers of no-fee bank accounts with reduced administrative hurdles, and savings ‘nudges’. We use both survey and bank account administrative data to measure its impact on financial literacy, budgeting and savings behavior, as well as on the ownership and use of bank accounts. Although 25 per cent of adults in treatment villages attended the training and 70 per cent of participants opened a bank account, we do not detect any significant downstream effects. Our results draw into question the benefit of initiatives aiming to ‘bank the unbanked’ in remote areas, revealing challenges in promoting financial inclusion among the next frontier of underserved and hard-to-reach populations.