Estimating Spillovers from Publicly Funded R&D: Evidence from the US Department of Energy
研究了美国能源部对小型企业的资助产生的研发溢出效应，发现每产生一项受资助专利，就有三项专利来自受益于溢出的其他主体，且多数溢出发生在国内和技术差异较大的领域。
We quantify the magnitude of R&D spillovers created by grants to small firms from the US Department of Energy. Our empirical strategy leverages variation due to state-specific matching policies, and we develop a new approach to measuring both geographic and technological spillovers that does not rely on an observable paper trail. Our estimates suggest that for every patent produced by grant recipients, three more are produced by others who benefit from spillovers. Sixty percent of these spillovers occur within the United States, and many of them occur in technological areas substantially different from those targeted by the grants.