Occupational Regulation, Institutions, and Migrants’ Labor Market Outcomes
研究职业许可、认证和工会化如何影响本地人和移民的工资，以及移民在这些职业中的代表性，发现制度对移民的筛选更严格，移民的工资溢价更高。
We study how licensing, certification and unionisation affect the wages of natives and migrants and their representation among licensed, certified, and unionized workers. We provide evidence of a dual role of labor market institutions, which both screen workers based on unobservable characteristics and also provide them with wage setting power. Labor market institutions confer significant wage premia to native workers (4.0, 1.6, and 2.7 log points for licensing, certification, and unionization), due to screening and wage setting power. Wage premia are significantly larger for licensed and certified migrants (10.3 and 6.6 log points), reflecting a more intense screening of migrant than native workers. The representation of migrants among licensed (but not certified or unionized) workers is 15% lower than that of natives. This again implies a more intense screening of migrants by licensing institutions than by certification and unionization.