Factor Market Failures and the Adoption of Irrigation in Rwanda
研究发现卢旺达农民免费获得灌溉用水后，灌溉能提高利润43-62%，但因劳动力成本仅灌溉30%的地块，且灌溉一块地会减少其他地块的灌溉，这种低效在小型和富裕家庭中更明显，表明劳动力市场摩擦制约了灌溉采用。
Factor market failures can limit adoption of profitable technologies. We leverage a plot-level spatial regression discontinuity design in the context of irrigation use by farmers provided free access to water. Using irrigation boosts profits by 43–62 percent. Yet, farmers only irrigate 30 percent of plots because of labor costs. We demonstrate inefficient irrigation use, by showing farmers irrigating one plot reduce their irrigation use on other plots. This inefficiency is largest for smaller households and wealthier households, suggesting labor market frictions constrain use of irrigation.