Civicness Drain*
研究发现移民不仅导致人才流失，还会造成“公民性”流失，进而可能引发贫困陷阱。通过意大利南部高中生的实验，揭示了本地公民性水平在决定公民性流失中的关键作用。
Abstract Migration may cause, not only a brain drain, but also a ‘civicness’ drain, leading to a poverty trap. Using migration choices of southern Italian high-school students classified as civic if not cheating in a modified die-roll experiment, we uncover a key role of local civicness (average civicness in the class): a civicness drain is observed only at high and low local civicness. We rationalise this pattern with a model in which civic and uncivic types balance hope versus fear of migration outcomes, taking into account economic gains, risk preferences and their beliefs about being considered civic in the place of destination.