Native Internal Migration and the Labor Market Impact of Immigration
利用1960-2000年美国人口普查数据，研究移民如何影响本土工人的内部迁移和工资结构，发现移民导致本土工人迁入减少、迁出增加，并使本土劳动力增长率下降，这种迁移反应使移民对本地工资的影响减弱40%至60%。
This paper presents a theoretical and empirical study of how immigration influences the joint determination of the wage structure and internal migration behavior for native-born workers in local labor markets. Using data from the 1960–2000 decennial censuses, the study shows that immigration is associated with lower in-migration rates, higher out-migration rates, and a decline in the growth rate of the native workforce. The native migration response attenuates the measured impact of immigration on wages in a local labor market by 40 to 60 percent, depending on whether the labor market is defined at the state or metropolitan area level.