Industrial policy, productivity and place: London as a ‘role model’ and High Speed 2 (HS2)
指出英国以伦敦为生产率榜样、通过高铁项目缩小地区差距的做法有误，因为忽视了集聚效应的正负两面及分配问题，导致生产率指标失真。
Britain's industrial strategy, preoccupied with labour productivity, projects London as a role model because of a high gross value added (GVA) to employment ratio, an approach since followed in the national 'levelling-up' agenda. We demonstrate that this is misplaced: it misses the subtleties of how positive agglomeration effects act and ignores how negative effects can, for distributional reasons, cause real as well as GVA-measured productivity to rise in a misleading way. We consider the implications for both London and infrastructure projects designed to reduce productivity differentials by improving connectivity with other cities, such as the ambitious but flawed High Speed 2 (HS2).