On the same boat but singing a different tune: Coopetition between hotels and platforms close to customers
研究酒店与在线平台（如Expedia、Booking）在贴近客户的营销销售环节中的竞合关系，发现竞合模式从合作主导到竞争主导不等，且酒店通过多空间隔离合作与竞争。
Coopetition—consisting of concurrent cooperation and competition—mainly focuses on business activities far from the customer, such as research and development. However, coopetition close to the customer, comprised of marketing and sales, remains an under-researched area. Applying grounded theory, we investigate how hotels and platforms (e.g., Expedia.com and Booking.com) pursue coopetition in close customer proximity. Our findings suggest that, contrary to insights from the literature, coopetition is not only competition dominant close to the customer. Rather, coopetition patterns range between cooperation- and competition-dominant approaches, depending on tension levels. Further, in contrast to current views, separating cooperation and competition over time is impossible when episodes of cooperation and competition are short. Instead, hotels utilize multiple spaces (platforms, physical hotels, and direct channels) to isolate the two forces.