Constrained conjunctive‐use for endogenously separable water markets: managing the Waihole–Waikane aqueduct
研究了在空间和时间上水不可完全替代时，如何分配来自Ko‘olau山脉的有限水量给两个被山脉分隔的Oahu水区，发现最优方案是初期全部给地下水区，后期全部给地表水区，中间年份才同时分配。
Abstract An internal solution to an optimal control problem involving conjunctive‐use of surface and groundwater may be inapplicable if water is not sufficiently fungible across space and time. We provide a more general solution and apply it to the problem of allocating a limited amount of water from the Ko‘olau mountains to two Oahu water districts separated by those mountains. The solution involves initially allocating all of the mountain water to the district supplied by groundwater but eventually allocating all of the water to the district supplied by surface water. The conditions for an internal solution hold only in the intervening years when some mountain water is allocated to each district.