Transportation gateways and trade: how accessibility to the border shapes the spatial concentration of commerce
基于微观基础的引力方程和欧盟区域内贸易数据，研究进口地区因出口地区边境可达性不同而出现的贸易流入不对称集中，以西班牙-法国边境的两个沿海门户为例。
Based on a micro-founded gravity equation and resorting to a new database of interregional trade flows within European Union countries, we study the asymmetric concentration of inflows in importing regions when exports come from regions with different geographical advantages in terms of their accessibility to the international border. As a case study we consider the Spanish–French border characterized by two distinct coastal gateways that funnel most road freight. Differentiating between domestic and international distances we conclude that the intensity of trade depends on the relative accessibility to the transportation network. We perform robustness checks for different sectors, and multimodal and re-exporting schemes.