Hollywood caught in two worlds? The impact of the Bechdel test on the international box office performance of cinematic films
研究了贝克德尔测试（衡量电影中女性角色刻画质量的指标）对好莱坞电影国际票房的影响，发现通过测试能显著提升票房，但效果因国家社会经济发展水平而异。
Abstract The Bechdel test is increasingly used in academia as a quality indicator for the portrayal of women in films. Previous studies explored how passing the Bechdel test affects box office earnings. However, earlier considerations were all limited to the US market. Therefore, the impact of the Bechdel test on international box office receipts is still unclear. To fill this research gap, this study examines the box office effect for internationally released films at the country level. Using a sample of 515 randomly selected Hollywood films, it is shown that passing the test significantly improves international box office earnings. However, the results also show that the effect depends on the level of socioeconomic development in the respective countries. Cultural discount theory is used to explain the empirical findings.