Peak event: the rise, crisis and potential decline of the Olympic Games and the World Cup
追踪1964至2018年奥运会和世界杯的规模增长，发现其50年间扩大约60倍，远超全球GDP增速，并识别出S形增长曲线和危机阶段，指出两大赛事正面临关键转折点。
This paper tracks the growth of two of the largest tourist events: the Olympic Games and the Football World Cup, drawing on a dataset containing all events between 1964 and 2018. Overall, the size of the three events has grown about 60-fold over the past 50 years, thirteen times faster than world GDP. We identify an S-shaped growth curve and four different growth periods, with an emergent crisis phase in the late 2010s that may have brought us to ‘peak event’ – the point at which these events have reached their largest size. Outlining three different scenarios, we argue that the Olympics and the World Cup are at a critical bifurcation point, which also requires new bidding and hosting policies.