Habit formation and trade unions
分析了习惯形成如何影响企业特定工会的集体谈判结果，发现内部参考点促使工会随时间提高工资，导致就业显著下降，且政策变化对工资有跨期影响。
Abstract We analyse how habit formation affects collective bargaining outcomes if a firm-specific trade union determines wages. For a wide variety of alternative analytical settings, such internal reference points induce the union to increase wages over time. A numerical example suggests that the resulting decline in employment can be substantial. Furthermore, policy changes in one period, which are either reversed in the next or anticipated in previous periods, have effects on wage outcomes for multiple periods because they affect the habit stock at times at which they are not yet or no longer in operation.