Cash Transfers and Women’s Agency: Evidence from Pakistan’s BISP Program
利用巴基斯坦BISP现金转移项目的资格断点，研究该项目对女性自主权的影响，发现2年和5年后在流动性和投票方面有有限改善，男性性别态度在2年时积极但5年后消失。
Pakistan’s Benazir Income Support Program is a large-scale, unconditional, government-run cash transfer program in which transfers are given to women. We study the effect of the transfers on measures of women’s agency 2 and 5 years after program rollout using a discontinuity in program eligibility to identify effects. We document important but limited improvements in women’s agency concentrated on measures related to mobility and voting. Men’s attitudes regarding gender norms shift positively in the 2-year follow-up, but those differences disappear after 5 years.