A theory of missed external enablement
提出错失外部赋能概念，指创业者未对商业环境重大变化采取行动，而后发现该变化本可加速创业进程。研究建模了导致不作为的模糊性和能动强度因素，并探讨创业者如何应对错失。
Abstract Research Summary This article introduces the concept of missed external enablement as a choice not to act on significant change in the business environment that later proves to be a meaningful accelerant for an entrepreneurial endeavor. There has been little consideration to date of such errors of omission. In response, we model the opacity and the agent intensity of enablement as fuel for inaction, leading to missed enablement. We then specify factors, such as magnitude of the miss, that strengthen or weaken the effect. As this unfolds, entrepreneurs consider how to best respond, and we model various response paths that may increase or decrease subsequent entrepreneurial action, where the path is again influenced by opacity and agent intensity. The theory generated exposes new facets of external enablement. Managerial Summary The effects of external change are shrouded in opacity. It is therefore difficult for entrepreneurs to discern whether change benefits one's endeavor and if it does, whether the effort, time, and resources are available to capitalize on it. Hence, it is rather easy to mistakenly choose entrepreneurial inaction. Our theory addresses the complexity and richness of these dynamics as they lead to missed external enablement, and our model outlines specific ways entrepreneurs might respond when they miss out on the benefits of external change. The insights we generate highlight the effects of entrepreneurs' exposure to many changes in the business environment over time, where the actions of others coupled with one's own past interpretations of the meaning of external changes influence what follows.