The Equilibrium Existence Duality
研究了不可分割商品市场中竞争均衡的存在性，发现其根本上取决于替代效应而非收入效应，并提出了均衡存在性对偶，将可转移效用下的结论推广至有收入效应的情形。
We show that with indivisible goods, the existence of competitive equilibrium fundamentally depends on agents’ substitution effects, not their income effects. Our equilibrium existence duality allows us to transport results on the existence of competitive equilibrium from settings with transferable utility to settings with income effects. One consequence is that net substitutability—which is a strictly weaker condition than gross substitutability—is sufficient for the existence of competitive equilibrium. Further applications give new existence results beyond the case of (net) substitutes. Our results have implications for auction design.