The composition of local government expenditure and income growth: the case of Sweden
基于瑞典1996-2015年市级面板数据，分析地方政府支出结构对收入增长率的影响，发现教育支出相对非生产性支出及被视为生产性的儿童保育和基础设施支出具有负增长效应，但结果受空间互动和反向因果处理影响。
This paper analyses the relationship between the composition of local government expenditure and income growth rate at the local level. Based on a panel of municipality-level data for Sweden spanning the period 1996–2015, we find indications of a negative relative ‘growth effect’ of education spending compared with both perceived non-productive expenditure shares and childcare and infrastructure spending, both viewed as productive. However, the robustness of these results is challenged when considering spatial interactions, and the choice of panel construction to address reverse causality. To some extent the results are confined to the assumption that local fiscal policy is exogenous.