Approval with frames
研究了框架效应如何影响审批决策，提出了基于公理的确定性及随机性审批模型，并展示了如何从观察到的行为推断决策者的偏好和阈值。
The aim of this study is to investigate the framing effects in approval making. In contrast to choice making in which an agent maximizes the utility, approval is binary classification behaviour in which an agent ‘approves’ the items that are (weakly) preferred to the threshold. The frame is observable information that is irrelevant in the rational assessment over the items but affects approval decisions. We provide framework to study deterministic and stochastic approval with frames. The models are characterized based on axioms which are similar in spirit to Samuelson’s WARP. We illustrate how one can deduce both the decision maker’s preference and the threshold from the observed behaviour.