Intersections and Commonalities: Using Matching to Decompose Wage Gaps by Gender and Nativity in Germany
基于西德调查数据，比较移民女性、移民男性、本地女性和本地男性的工资，使用非参数匹配分解揭示性别与移民身份的非加总性工资优势/劣势，发现所谓的“双重劣势”实为本地男性的“双重优势”。
We investigate intersecting wage gaps by gender and nativity by comparing the wages between immigrant women, immigrant men, native women, and native men based on Western German survey data. Adding to the analytical diversity of the field, we do a full comparison of group wages to emphasize the relationality of privilege and disadvantage, and we use a nonparametric matching decomposition that is well suited to address unique group-specific experiences. We find that wage (dis)advantages associated with the dimensions of gender and nativity are nonadditive and result in distinct decomposition patterns for each pairwise comparison. After accounting for substantial group differences in work attachment, individual resources, and occupational segregation, unexplained wage gaps are generally small for comparisons between immigrant women, immigrant men, and native women, but large when either group is compared to native men. This finding suggests that the often presumed “double disadvantage” of immigrant women is rather a “double advantage” of native men.