Carbon leakage in a small open economy: The importance of international climate policies
研究小型开放经济体（以丹麦为例）在欧盟气候政策下的碳泄漏效应，发现全经济范围的二氧化碳当量税导致显著泄漏，且不同行业差异大。
A substantial literature investigates carbon leakage effects for large countries and climate coalitions. However, little is known about leakage effects for a small open economy within a climate coalition. To fill this gap in the literature, we incorporate international climate policies relevant for a small open EU economy into the general equilibrium model GTAP-E. We focus our analysis on Denmark, but we show that our framework can be applied to any EU economy. We find substantial leakage associated with an economy-wide CO2e tax. This result is strongly affected by EU climate policies. We also present sector-specific leakage rates and find large sectoral differences.