Measuring the welfare costs of racial discrimination in the labor market
研究发现美国非白人群体工资差距与人均GDP负相关，通过模型揭示歧视导致劳动力错配和收入损失，消除歧视可使收入提升高达4%。
Abstract We find that the conditional wage‐gap for non‐whites is negatively related to gross domestic product per worker across the US. To explain this, we develop a model linking unequal access to employment with the wage gap, labor misallocation, and income loss. The presence of underprivileged workers allows inefficient firms to co‐exist with efficient ones and leads to skill misallocation, higher unemployment and lower output. Calibrating the model to match the US, we find a fall in market‐based racial discrimination renders inefficient firms non‐profitable, causing reallocation of labor and a positive effect on income as high as 4 percent when discrimination is eliminated.