Vaccines and the Covid-19 pandemic: lessons from failure and success
回顾新冠疫情期间疫苗的价值、开发速度、分配策略及应急准备，指出疫苗投入远低于社会回报，全球对未来疫情准备不足。
Abstract The losses from the global Covid-19 pandemic have been staggering—trillions in economic costs, on top of significant losses of life, health, and well-being. The world made significant and successful investments in vaccines to mitigate the pandemic, yet there were missed opportunities, as well. We review what has been learnt about the value of vaccines, the speed at which vaccines can be developed, and the optimal and ethical approaches to vaccine distribution, as well as other issues related to pandemic and emergency preparedness. Surprisingly, spending on vaccines remains far below that which would be justified by the social return. We remain poorly prepared for future pandemics and other emergencies.