The impact of legacy systems on digital transformation in European public administration: Lesson learned from a multi case analysis
研究了欧洲三个国家（丹麦、荷兰、英国）四个案例，发现遗留系统的复杂性（如独立系统、数据不兼容）是数字化转型中互操作性和集成性的关键障碍，并强调理解系统、政策及行政环境的重要性。
Legacy systems have continued to pose a major challenge to digital transformation efforts in public administration. A comprehensive review of literature suggests seven levels of complexity in transforming legacy systems, including, being a stand-alone system, being part of a larger system, and data incompatibility, each depicting unique criteria and challenges. Nonetheless, very little is known as to what degree these complexities implicate the implementation of digital transformation efforts in public administration (PA). To address this gap, this research conducted an analysis on four cases of digital transformation in three European PA settings (i.e., Denmark, the Netherlands, and the UK). The findings revealed complexities that pose the key challenges to systems interoperability and integrability, which are crucial in any digital transformation project. In addition, a comprehensive understanding of the systems to be transformed, the policies which they are serving, and the broader PA setting in which they are implemented were deemed central to succeeding in digital transformation efforts.