Exploring Drivers of Staff Engagement in Healthcare Organizations Using Tree-Based Machine Learning Algorithms
使用随机森林、梯度提升和极端随机树三种机器学习算法，分析英国医院调查数据，发现安全文化和团队协作是影响员工敬业度的最重要因素，为管理者优化资源配置提供依据。
Staff engagement in the work environment is vital to organizational success. Engaged staff are motivated and indulged in their work as they have a sense of belonging, commitment, and loyalty toward their employer, which eventually leads to better performance and outcomes. While various organizational factors are related to staff engagement, limited research is available regarding what drives staff engagement and the degree of their importance in healthcare. Leveraging data-driven approaches, in this article, we employ three machine learning algorithms, random forests, gradient boosting, and extra trees, to identify the relative importance of organizational factors affecting staff engagement. We use hospital-level aggregate survey data from hospitals in the U.K. While staff engagement is the outcome variable, the following factors are used as organizational factors in the prediction model and feature importance analysis: equality, diversity, and inclusion, safety culture, health and wellbeing, immediate managers, quality of appraisals, quality of care, bullying and harassment, violence, and team working. All the algorithms provide comparable prediction results with similar feature importance ranking with respect to prediction accuracy. The results suggest that safety culture is the most influential factor related to staff engagement, followed by the team working. Healthcare managers and decision makers can benefit from this data-driven application to make informed decisions in resource allocation and prioritization efforts to improve staff engagement.