Implementation and spillovers of local non‐pharmaceutical interventions
利用挪威市政和区域政策数据，分析地方非药物干预措施在遏制新冠疫情中的经济成本与后果，发现其导致流动性持续下降、失业率上升和消费暂时减少，并促使居民转向邻近未实施干预的市政消费。
In this paper, we analyze economic costs and consequences of local non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) aimed at containing the Covid-19 pandemic. Using comprehensive data on municipal and regional policies in Norway, we implement a difference-in-differences framework identifying impacts of local NPIs from discontinuous differential shifts in outcomes following the implementation of new policies. In treated municipalities, local NPIs lead to persistent reductions in mobility, persistent increases in unemployment, and transient reductions in consumer spending. Analyses of spatial spillovers show that the implementation of local NPIs increases retail mobility in untreated neighboring municipalities. Overall, our findings suggest that local NPIs have economic consequences for local economies and induce residents to shift their consumption of goods and services to neighboring municipalities.