Simulated Greeks for American options
提出一种结合初始分散状态变量与灵活模拟的方法来估计美式期权的价格敏感性（希腊值），研究了估计量的渐近性质并证明收敛性，数值结果优于现有方法，且对参数选择稳健。
This paper develops a method to estimate price sensitivities, so-called Greeks, for American style options using flexible simulation methods combined with initially dispersed state variables. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are studied, and convergence of the method is established. A 2-stage method is proposed with an adaptive choice of optimal dispersion of state variables, which controls and balances off the bias of the estimates against their variance. Numerical results show that the method compares exceptionally well to existing alternatives, works well for very reasonable choices of dispersion sizes, regressors, and simulated paths, and it is robust to choices of these parameters. We apply the method to models with time varying volatility, demonstrating that there are large differences between estimated Greeks with affine and non-affine models, that Greeks vary significantly through periods of crisis, and that the errors made when using Greeks implied from, e.g. misspecified models with constant volatility can be extremely large.