Electricity pricing, capacity, and predictive maintenance considering reliability
研究将系统可靠性、预测性维护和绿色保险纳入电价与容量决策，提出非线性优化模型求解最优电价、容量、投资、维护预算和保险水平，帮助可再生能源项目管理者降低风险、提高利润。
Operations and maintenance management for renewable energy (RE) projects has become increasingly important in improving energy system models’ precision. Specifically, some elements are uncertain and difficult to predict, such as temperature conditions or system reliability, and these result in more complicated RE projects. Suitable maintenance and insurance policies are vital to reduce risks for RE system operators. This paper formulates a profit model that integrates system reliability, predictive maintenance, and green insurance into electricity pricing and capacity problems. A non-linear optimization solution procedure is proposed to determine the optimal electricity price, capacity, investment plan, predictive maintenance budget, and insurance level while maximizing company profit. The theoretical results indicate that RE systems’ increased reliability decreases the insurance level. However, an increase in the insurance level decreases RE project investments. Therefore, companies can attract more investments for RE projects if RE system reliability increases while insurance costs decrease. Additionally, this work not only presents a numerical analysis with examples and a sensitivity analysis to illustrate the model, but also discusses the opportunities this work offers for managers and analysts in practice.