Shifting Punishment onto Minorities: Experimental Evidence of Scapegoating
通过惩罚替罪羊博弈实验，研究多数群体在自身成员受害后，是否更倾向于惩罚无辜的少数族裔（斯洛伐克的罗姆人），发现伤害发生后对少数群体的惩罚翻倍。
Abstract Do members of a majority group systematically shift punishment onto innocent members of an ethnic minority? We introduce an experimental paradigm, punishing the scapegoat game, to measure how injustice affecting a member of one's own group shapes punishment of an unrelated bystander. When no harm is done, we find no evidence of discrimination against the ethnic minority (Roma people in Slovakia). In contrast, when a member of one's own group is harmed, the punishment ‘passed’ onto innocent individuals more than doubles when they are from the minority, as compared to when they are from the dominant group.