Women in European academia before 1800—religion, marriage, and human capital
研究了从大学诞生到工业革命前夕，108位在欧洲大学任教或加入艺术与科学学院的女性学者，发现她们多活跃于天主教南欧，且未婚率高、生育率低，与男性学者相比平均表现更优。
Abstract We document the participation of women in European academia from the first universities to the eve of the Industrial Revolution. A total of 108 women taught at universities or were members of academies of arts and sciences. Most of them were active in Catholic southern Europe—an unexpected result. We conjecture that Protestantism left less room for women at the top of the distribution of human capital to exercise their talent. The percentage of ever-married female scholars is 79%, but a large fraction of them remained childless. Comparing them with 58,995 male scholars, we find that they were on average better.