Stochastic contracts and subjective evaluations
研究了随机补偿（如股票期权或不确定仲裁）的激励合同，发现其无需向第三方支付即可激励员工，且比确定性合同更高效，有助于解释劳动合同中随机补偿的普遍性。
Abstract Subjective evaluations are widely used, but call for different contracts from classical moral‐hazard settings. Previous literature shows that contracts require payments to third parties. I show that the (implicit) assumption of deterministic contracts makes payments to third parties necessary. This article studies incentive contracts with stochastic compensation, like payments in stock options or uncertain arbitration procedures. These contracts incentivize employees without the need for payments to third parties. In addition, stochastic contracts can be more efficient and can make the principal better off compared to deterministic contracts. My results also address the puzzle about the prevalence of labor contracts with stochastic compensation.