Employer associations in Italy: Trends and economic outcomes
利用意大利企业层面数据，研究了雇主协会入会率的长期下降趋势，发现入会企业规模更大、更老、位于更富裕地区，且入会率下降对大企业影响更大；入会率对集体谈判设定的行业工资下限有微弱正向影响。
Abstract This study analyses the representativeness of employer associations in Italy, using unique firm‐level data with information on employers' affiliation and their characteristics. We document that a persistent decline in affiliation rates to employers' associations has occurred during the last two decades. We show that affiliated companies are positively selected, as they tend to be larger, older, more likely to be located in richer regions, to be export and innovation oriented, and more likely to provide training. Using longitudinal data and regression decomposition techniques, we show that larger firms have been more affected by the decline in affiliation rates over time. Finally, we show that the level of representativeness of employers' associations has a weak positive effect on collective bargaining occupational wage minima settled by these organizations in national industry‐wide collective contracts after a negotiation process with trade unions.