Perceived Fairness and Consequences of Affirmative Action Policies
通过实验室实验研究三种锦标赛配额规则（针对受歧视者、短工时者、低生产率者）的感知公平性，发现针对受歧视者的平权行动被认为最公平，且公平感知越高，竞争意愿越强、对赢家的报复越少。
Abstract Debates about affirmative action often revolve around fairness. In a laboratory experiment, we study three quota rules in tournaments that favour individuals whose performance is low, either due to discrimination, low productivity, or choice of a short working time. Affirmative action favouring discriminated individuals is perceived as fairest, followed by that targeting individuals with a short working time, while favouring low-productivity individuals is not perceived as fairer than an absence of affirmative action. Higher fairness perceptions coincide with a higher willingness to compete and less retaliation against winners, underlining that fairness perceptions matter for the consequences of affirmative action.