Does the substitution effect lead to feedback effect linkage between ethanol, crude oil, and soft agricultural commodities?
研究提出一种多目标优化投资组合策略，发现大豆油、糖和大米能更好平衡风险与收益，且原油-乙醇-大豆之间存在强反馈效应，乙醇权重超过30%会触发该效应。
Despite increased demand for cleaner fuel alternatives such as ethanol in recent decades, portfolio weight allocation has become challenging due to the complex interlinkage amongst crude, ethanol and soft agricultural commodities that form part of the value chain. As a result, portfolio returns face three trade-offs in terms of risk: dispersion across mean, risk arising due to market interconnectedness, and risk arising due to global shocks for assets sharing common macroeconomic fundamentals. This study proposes an optimal weight allocation portfolio strategy, encapsulating the three risk measures and returns, estimated using state-of-the-art multi-objective elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Our proposed strategy performs well for newly constituted objectives against the Markowitz Mean-Variance approach and Global Minimum Variance. A balanced diversification escapes the feedback spillover loop trap at the same time. Our results indicate that soybean oil, sugar, and rice offer a better reward to risk, aiding portfolio immunisation to extreme market movements. Furthermore, using GJR-GARCH volatility to capture the volatility asymmetry effect, the Generalized Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (GFEVD) shows the existence of a strong triplet pair Crude-Ethanol-Soybean as a breeding ground for the feedback effect to occur. Moreover, replacing crude weight with ethanol depicts a fall in spillover risk up to a threshold of 30% Ethanol weight, after which the feedback effect kicks in.