Child care costs, household liquidity constraints, and gender inequality
研究了家庭流动性约束如何阻碍购买儿童保育服务，导致劳动力市场效率损失和性别差距扩大，并比较了带薪产假、保育补贴和政府贷款等政策的效果。
Abstract In a model with endogenous female labour supply and wages, we show that liquidity constraints that prevent households from buying child care generate an inefficiency and amplify gender gaps in the labour market. We evaluate the relative merits of paid maternity leave, child care subsidies, and government loans in mitigating liquidity constraints and promoting gender equality. While an extension in the duration of the leave has ambiguous effects, child care subsidies and loans in the form of child care vouchers remove the liquidity constraints and reduce gender gaps in participation and wages. We illustrate the mechanisms at play in a numerical example using Spanish data.