The Impact of Climate Legislation on Trade-Related Carbon Emissions 1996–2018
分析了111个国家1996-2018年气候立法对贸易相关碳排放的影响，发现立法对消费和生产排放均有显著负效应，但净贸易相关排放变化不显著，且贸易伙伴的立法会降低本国排放，表明无碳泄漏负面效应。
Abstract We analyse the international impact on carbon emissions from national climate legislation in 111 countries over 1996–2018. We estimate trade-related carbon leakage, or net carbon imports, as the difference between consumption and production emissions. Legislation has had a significant negative and roughly similar impact on both consumption and production emissions. The net impact on trade-related emissions is therefore not statistically significant, neither in the short term (laws passed in the last 3 years) nor the long term (laws older than 3 years). We find a significant negative long-term impact on domestic emissions from laws passed by trade partners. This latter specification corresponds to the traditional definition of carbon leakage. Overall, we conclude that there has been no detrimental effect of climate legislation on international emissions.