Social inequalities in famine mortality in the manorial system of the tsarist Russian province of Livland in the mid‐1840s
利用沙俄利夫兰省两个农村教区的纵向数据，分析1844-46年饥荒期间死亡率的社会梯度，发现农民和地主身份均未能降低死亡风险，挑战了社会经济地位或庄园类型具有保护作用的传统假设。
Abstract By relying on longitudinal data on two rural parishes in the Russian Baltic province of Livland, the article analyses two questions concerning famine's short‐run effects on mortality in a manorial system: (1) whether there is evidence of a social gradient in mortality during the famine of 1844–6 and (2) whether the manors could protect the peasants against the hardships. The analysis reveals that neither the status of a farmer peasant nor the landlord saved the local inhabitants from an increased risk of dying during the famine of 1844–6. The conventional assumptions about the protective effect of the higher socio‐economic status or type of manor against subsistence crisis found very little support in the study.