Technological and Organizational Change and the Careers of Workers
研究了技术与组织变革对工作和工人的影响，发现虽然变革减少了对常规任务的需求，但受影响工人并未面临更高的失业或收入下降风险，因为企业提供再培训机会；但老年工人例外，他们更可能永久退出劳动力市场且收入下降。
Abstract This paper investigates the effects of technological and organizational change (T&O) on jobs and workers. We show that although T&O reduces firm demand for routine relative to abstract task-based jobs, affected workers do not face higher probability of non-employment or lower earnings growth than unaffected workers. Rather, firms that adopt T&O offer routine workers retraining opportunities to upgrade to more abstract jobs. Older workers form an important exception: T&O increases the risk that they permanently withdraw from the labor market and reduces their earnings, regardless of the tasks they performed in the firm prior to T&O.